Analysis of Dyslipidemia Factors as Predictors of Hypertension in Patients Aged ≥40 Years at Benu-benua Public Health Center, Kendari City

Abstract

Hypertension remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Indonesia, particularly among the elderly population, with its prevalence continuing to rise in line with aging and lifestyle changes. One of the metabolic factors suspected to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hypertension is dyslipidemia, a condition characterized by abnormal blood lipid levels that can trigger atherosclerosis and lead to arterial stiffness. This study aimed to analyze dyslipidemia, specifically total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, as predictors of hypertension in patients aged ≥40 years at Benu-benua Public Health Center, Kendari City. The study employed a cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach, involving 91 respondents selected through simple random sampling, consisting of 74 hypertensive and 17 non-hypertensive patients. Data were obtained through laboratory examinations of total cholesterol and triglyceride levels using spectrophotometric methods, and blood pressure measurements using a digital sphygmomanometer. Correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between total cholesterol levels and both systolic (p=0,032) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0,021), while triglyceride levels were not statistically significant (p>0,05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated total cholesterol was a predictor of hypertension, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1,021 (p=0,003), indicating that each 1 mg/dL increase in total cholesterol raises the risk of hypertension by 2.1%. These findings highlight the importance of routine cholesterol screening in individuals aged ≥40 years as part of early detection and hypertension prevention efforts. The results also emphasize the need for integrating dyslipidemia screening into primary healthcare services and promoting lifestyle modifications as part of non-communicable disease control policies. Future research is recommended to explore the role of other lipid fractions such as HDL and LDL, and to more comprehensively examine lifestyle factors.