An Analysis of Trends of HIV Cases Among Adolescents in Palopo Between 2021 and 2024

Abstract

Background: HIV cases among adolescents are a serious concern in Indonesia, including in Palopo, South Sulawesi. The transition from adolescence to early adulthood increases vulnerability to risky behaviors.

Objective: To analyze trends in HIV cases among adolescents (15–24 years old) in Palopo City during the 2021–2024 period, as well as the influencing factors from socio-cultural, medical, environmental, and educational perspectives.

Methods: This retrospective descriptive study used secondary data from the Palopo Health Office, HIV service facility reports, and the HIV/AIDS Information System (SIHA). Variables analyzed included the number of cases, gender, age, occupation, risk factors, health service unit (UPK), education, and clinical status. The analysis was conducted descriptively using tables, graphs, and interpretations based on literature from the past four years.

Results: The total number of adolescent cases increased from 13 (2021) to a peak of 64 (2023), then decreased to 36 (2024). The predominant age group was 18–23 years. Males had a higher proportion of cases than females, with heterosexual intercourse being the primary risk factor, followed by men who were sexually active. Most cases were detected at community health centers (Puskesmas), particularly in individuals with a high school education or equivalent, and asymptomatic HIV clinical status.

Conclusion: Case trends show a significant increase post-pandemic, indicating the need to strengthen early detection, comprehensive reproductive health education, youth-friendly services, and community-based cross-sector interventions.